Clear, beginner-friendly explanations of coins, wallets, and crypto concepts.
A seed phrase is a human-readable master backup that can regenerate all the private keys in a wallet. A private key controls a single account. The seed phrase sits above individual keys.
ConceptA wallet address is public and safe to share for receiving funds. A private key is secret and controls those funds. The address is derived from the key, but never the other way around.
ConceptAn exchange is a service for buying, selling, and trading crypto, often holding your funds for you. A wallet is a tool for storing and controlling your own crypto, where you hold the keys.
ConceptBitcoin's price floats freely and can move sharply. A stablecoin is designed to hold a steady value, usually pegged to a currency like the US dollar, so one unit stays close to one dollar.
CoinBitcoin is designed mainly as digital money, while Ethereum is a platform for running applications and smart contracts.
ConceptNo. Once a crypto transaction is confirmed on the blockchain, it is permanent and cannot be reversed by anyone, which is why care before sending is essential.
ConceptA centralized exchange is run by a company that holds your funds and matches trades. A decentralized exchange lets you trade directly from your own wallet using smart contracts, with no company holding your funds.
ConceptA custodial wallet has a company hold your keys, while a non-custodial wallet puts you in full control of them.
GlossaryHot wallets stay connected to the internet for convenience; cold wallets stay offline for security.
GuideCrypto is often subject to tax, but rules vary widely by country, so this is a general overview only.
GuidePractical warning signs that help beginners recognize and avoid the most common crypto scams.
GuideBacking up your seed phrase means storing it offline, accurately, and privately so you can always recover your wallet.
GuideA practical guide to picking a beginner-friendly wallet based on how you plan to use your crypto.
GuideDYOR, or Do Your Own Research, is the practice of investigating a crypto project carefully before trusting it.
GuideFake wallet apps mimic real ones to steal your seed phrase the moment you enter it. Learn the warning signs before you download.
ConceptMining Bitcoin at home is not viable in 2026 — at the US average electricity rate, a single machine costs more to run than the Bitcoin it produces. This explains the real numbers, why the gap exists, and why understanding mining still matters even if you never do it.
CoinDogecoin started as a joke but became a major cryptocurrency; beginners should understand its high volatility before buying.
ConceptScreenshotting your seed phrase puts your wallet's master key on a synced device. Here's what actually happens to that photo - and what to do if you already took one.
ConceptLosing your phone usually doesn't lose your crypto - but the recovery path depends entirely on whether you used an exchange app or a self-custody wallet. Here's what to do for each.
ConceptA market order buys or sells immediately at the current available price. A limit order only executes at a specific price you set, giving you price control but no guarantee it fills.
ConceptThese are two different methods blockchains use to agree on which transactions are valid and secure the network.
ConceptReceiving crypto only requires sharing your public address, which is safe. Sending requires authorising a transaction with your private key, which is why sending demands extra care.
GlossaryGas fees are the small payments required to process a transaction or run a smart contract on certain blockchains.
ConceptNFT royalties are payments a creator can receive each time their NFT is resold on the secondary market.
VaultTutor provides general educational content only. Nothing on this site constitutes financial, investment, or legal advice, or a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency involves substantial risk of loss. Always do your own research and consult a licensed financial advisor before making investment decisions.
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